Especially, forest trees do not need to be pruned. However, garden plants, whether in a roof garden or a courtyard garden, require pruning for various reasons. Let’s explore why we prune trees and the benefits associated with it:
Leaves: If the leaves of your plants are yellow, brown, or infected, it is important to remove them. Any leaves that are present on the lower part of the plant, close to the ground, should be inspected first. These leaves tend to retain the most moisture, making them susceptible to insect or fungus attacks. Since these leaves do not significantly contribute to photosynthesis, they should be removed. Leaf yellowing is a natural process and should not cause concern.
Pruning of Stems and Branches: Proper pruning of stems and branches should begin at an early stage. Pruning from the start ensures that the plant grows densely. If not pruned early, the tree may grow into a long, thin stick with few leaves at the base. Early pruning encourages vigorous growth and the development of multiple branches.
Pruning of Flowers: Once flowers have bloomed, they will not bloom again from the same bud. Therefore, spent flowers should be removed promptly. If all the flowers on a branch have bloomed, the entire branch should be pruned.
Root Pruning: As plants grow, their roots also expand. When roots become excessively bound, the plant may suffer. In such cases, you can either transplant the plant into a slightly larger pot or trim the roots. Some gardeners prefer to trim the roots annually while repotting, ensuring that the plant remains healthy and not root-bound.
Pruning for Shape: Many gardeners prune trees to maintain their desired shape. Trees in rooftop gardens, for example, are often pruned to a medium shape. Bonsai trees require regular pruning of roots and branches to maintain their aesthetic appeal.
Pest Attack: If a tree is attacked by pests, affected branches should be promptly pruned. Neem oil or insecticides can be used to control pests, but if the infestation is severe, cutting the affected branches may be necessary.
Pruning After Flowering and Fruiting: It is advisable to prune trees after they have finished flowering or fruiting. Pruning branches that have completed their flowering or fruiting cycle helps the tree allocate resources more efficiently.
Sucker Branches: Thick branches that grow more vigorously than the tree itself should be pruned. These branches consume resources without contributing significantly to the plant’s growth.
Right Time to Prune:
- Spring: For most plants that bloom in summer, spring is the ideal time for pruning. This allows them to recover and grow vigorously during the warmer months.
- After Flowering: Plants that bloom in spring should be pruned immediately after flowering to encourage new growth and bud formation.
- Dormant Season: Some plants are best pruned during their dormant season, usually in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. This is common for deciduous trees and shrubs.
- Avoid Extreme Weather: Pruning should be avoided during periods of extreme heat or cold, as it can stress the plant further.
- Dead or Damaged Branches: Regardless of the season, dead, diseased, or damaged branches should be promptly removed to prevent the spread of disease and improve the overall health of the plant.
Every gardener should carefully consider which parts of the plant to prune—leaves, stems, or roots. Additionally, it’s important to use sterile cutting tools for pruning to prevent the spread of disease.
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